- Strongest ligament in the body is Body-Bigelow ligament(ilio-femoral ligament)
- Bigelow ligament prevents trunk from falling backwords (prevents hyper extension of hipjoint during standing)
- Hyper extension of hipjoint is prevented by bigelow ligament (ilio femoral ligament).
- Largest bursa of the body - Subacramial ligament.
- Most common muscle to be congenitally absent - pectoralis major.(poland syndrome)
- only muscle of upperlimb to be innervated by all 5 segments of brachial plexus - Pectoralis major
- Sesamoid bone developed within the tendon of muscle - pisiform.
- Morning glowry syndrome - Absense of Lamina cribrosa in sclera.
- Smallest bone in the body - Stapes
- Smallest muscle in the body - Stapedius.
- Sinus of morgagni - Between base of skull and superior constrictor of pharynx.
- Hydatid of morgagni - appendix of testis
- Hernia of morgagni - Retrosternal hernia of diaphragm
- All of the pharyngeal muscles are supplied by pharyngeal muscles except stylopharyngeus which is suppllied by glossypharyngeal nerve.
- All of the muscles of softpalate are supplied by pharyngealplexus except tensorvellipalati which is supplied by mandibular nerve.
- All the muscles (intrinsic) muscles of the larynx are supplied by recurrent larygeal nerve except cricothyroid which is supplied by external laryngeal nerve.
- Pharyngeal plexus are formed by
-Pharyngeal branch of vagus through cranial accessory nerve-Pharyngeal branch of glosso pharyngeal nerve-Pharyngeal branches of superior cervical symphathetic ganglion.
- Epignathus - Teratoma of palate.
- Perforation of hard palate is seen in tertiary syphilis.
- 1st salivary gland to be appeared in developed in development - Parotid.(early 6 weeks)
- Most common cause of mental retardation - Downs syndrome
- 2nd most common cause of mental retardation - fragile - X - snydrome.
- In translocation of 21:21 the chances of downs syndrome is - 100%.
- Mature nerve cells are incapeble of dividing therefore cannot form tumors .
- Braintumors arise from Neurological cells and immature nerve cells
- - Astrocytes - Nutririon
- Oligo dendrocytes - Counterparts of schawhm cell(Schawn cell myelinate peciple-nerves)
- Microglia - Macrophases
- Ependymal cells - lining of cavities of ventricles
- Most common cause of dementia - Alzheimers disease.
- Cortical dementia - Alziemers disease , Picks disease.
- Sub cortical dementia - Huntingtons disease , parkinson's disease, progressive supernuclear palsy , wilsons disease
- Most treatable dementias type - Toxic dementias.
- Step ladder type of dementia - Multi infact dimentia.
- Antipsychotic medications should be avoided in Lewy body dementia(parkinsonism).
- The drug most commonly used in t/t of SIADH is demeclocycline.
- First line of t/t for SIADH is water restriction.
- First investigation for evaluation f polyuria is Urine osmolity.
- Most common cause of cushings syndrome is Iatrogenic steroids.
- MEN - 1 syndrome(werners syndrome ) consists of - parathyroid adenoma , paracreatic tumors , pitutary tumors.
- Most common neuroeudocrine tumor associated e MEN1 syndrome.
- Intoxication occurs with vitamin Vitamin D and A
- Diureties associated with hypercalcemia - Thiaxide diureties.
- Most common cause of hyper calcemic crisis - Malignary
- asymptomatic hypercalcemia
- 1st 10 years of life -Fdmilial hypercalcemia
- adults - Primary hyper PTH
- Most common cramial nerve involved in diabetic neuropathy - 3rd occulomotor.
- Blindness in Non prolifirative Diab.Retinopathy-Mucular edema
- Blindness in prolifirative Diab.Retinopathy - retinal detachment
- Whipple's triad - insulinoma
- -fasting hypoglycemia
- -symptoms of hypoglycemia
- -Immediate relief afteriv glucose.
- Number of carpal bones seen in X-ray of infant hand is zero.
- only nerve that arises from the dorsal side of the brain stem - trochlear nerve.
- It has longest intracranial course.
- largest cranial nerve - Trigeminal nerve
- Most common cause of neuropathic joint - Diabetes milletus
- Most common cause of treatable neuropathic joint in India is -- Leprosy
- positive Pathergy test is seen in - bechets disease
- Treatment of hemochromatosis is - Phlebotomy
- Treatment of Wilsons disease is - Zinc
- Treatment of Wilsons disease with neuropsychiatric manifestations - Tetrathiomolybdate
- Treatment of Wilsons disease with hepatic decompensation is - Triente with zinc
- Sunflower cataract is seen in Wilsons disease
- Confirmatory test for hemochromatosis is - Genitic analysis
- Most sensitive index of renal tubular function is - specific gravity of urine.
